1. A - activating, adapting, administering, analyzing, arranging
2. B - budgeting, building, briefing, balancing
3. C - communicating, controlling, co-ordinating, creating, checking
4. D - deciding, detailing, developing, directing, devising
5. E - empathizing, evaluating , examining, explaining
6. F - finding, fixing, formulating, finalizing
7. G - guiding, gathering, generating
8. H - helping, handling, hosting
9. I - imagining, implementing, influencing, initiating, innovating, improving
10. J - judging
11. K - keeping
12. L - learning, listening, locating, launching
13. M - managing, mentoring, monitoring, motivating
14. N - negotiating, navigating
15. O - observing, organizing, overhauling
16. p - persuading, planning, preparing, presenting, problem-solving
17. Q - questioning, qualifying
18. R - researching, resolving, reporting, recording, repairing
19. S - scheduling, selling, setting -up, supervising, simplifying, speaking
20. T - teaching, team-work, trouble-shooting, training, tracking
21. U - understanding, uniting, upgrading, updating
22. V - verbalizing, volunteering, verifying
23. W - writing, working
Friday, February 26, 2010
Thursday, February 25, 2010
Faith,Truth,Hope and Confidence
NICE LITTLE STORIES
1. Once, all villagers decided to pray for rain, on the day of prayer all the People gathered but only one boy came with an umbrella...
THAT'S FAITH
2. When you throw a baby in the air, she laughs because she knows you will catch her...
THAT'S TRUST
3.Every night we go to bed, without any assurance of being alive the next Morning but still we set the alarms in our watch to wake up...
THAT'S HOPE
4. We plan big things for tomorrow in spite of zero knowledge of the future or having any certainty of uncertainties...
THAT'S CONFIDENCE
1. Once, all villagers decided to pray for rain, on the day of prayer all the People gathered but only one boy came with an umbrella...
THAT'S FAITH
2. When you throw a baby in the air, she laughs because she knows you will catch her...
THAT'S TRUST
3.Every night we go to bed, without any assurance of being alive the next Morning but still we set the alarms in our watch to wake up...
THAT'S HOPE
4. We plan big things for tomorrow in spite of zero knowledge of the future or having any certainty of uncertainties...
THAT'S CONFIDENCE
Wednesday, February 24, 2010
Lessons of Life
I feared being alone
Until I learned to like
Myself.
I feared failure
Until I realized that I only
Fail when I don't try.
I feared success
Until I realized
That I had to try
In order to be happy
With myself.
I feared people's opinions
Until I learned that
People would have opinions
About me anyway.
I feared rejection
Until I learned to
Have faith in myself.
I feared pain
Until I learned that
it's necessary
For growth.
I feared the truth
Until I saw the
Ugliness in lies.
I feared life
Until I experienced
Its beauty.
I feared death
Until I realized that it's
Not an end, but a beginning.
I feared hate
Until I saw that it
Was nothing more thanIgnorance.
I feared love
Until it touched my heart,
Making the darkness fade
Into endless sunny days.
I feared ridicule
Until I learned how
To laugh at myself.
I feared growing old
Until I realized that
I gained wisdom every day.
I fear growing old
Until I realized that
I gained wisdom every day.
I feared the future
Until I realized that
Life just kept getting
Better.
I fear the past
Until I realized that
It could no longer hurt me.
I feared the dark
Until I saw the beauty
Of the starlight.
I fear the light
Until I learned that the
Truth would give me
Strength.
I feared change,
Until I saw that
Even the most beautiful butterfly
Had to undergo a metamorphosis
Before it could fly.
Until I learned to like
Myself.
I feared failure
Until I realized that I only
Fail when I don't try.
I feared success
Until I realized
That I had to try
In order to be happy
With myself.
I feared people's opinions
Until I learned that
People would have opinions
About me anyway.
I feared rejection
Until I learned to
Have faith in myself.
I feared pain
Until I learned that
it's necessary
For growth.
I feared the truth
Until I saw the
Ugliness in lies.
I feared life
Until I experienced
Its beauty.
I feared death
Until I realized that it's
Not an end, but a beginning.
I feared hate
Until I saw that it
Was nothing more thanIgnorance.
I feared love
Until it touched my heart,
Making the darkness fade
Into endless sunny days.
I feared ridicule
Until I learned how
To laugh at myself.
I feared growing old
Until I realized that
I gained wisdom every day.
I fear growing old
Until I realized that
I gained wisdom every day.
I feared the future
Until I realized that
Life just kept getting
Better.
I fear the past
Until I realized that
It could no longer hurt me.
I feared the dark
Until I saw the beauty
Of the starlight.
I fear the light
Until I learned that the
Truth would give me
Strength.
I feared change,
Until I saw that
Even the most beautiful butterfly
Had to undergo a metamorphosis
Before it could fly.
Thursday, February 11, 2010
Australia
Australia is a unique and diverse country in every way - in culture, population, climate, geography, and history.
Culture
Australian culture is as broad and varied as the country's landscape. Australia is multicultural and multiracial and this is reflected in the country's food, lifestyle and cultural practices and experience.
Australia has an important heritage from its indigenous people, which plays a defining role in the cultural landscape.
This diversity of influences creates a cultural environment in Australia that is lively, energised, innovative, and outward looking.
Population
As of July 2007, Australia's population is roughly 21.0 million people. The most populous states are New South Wales and Victoria, with their respective capitals, Sydney and Melbourne, the largest cities in Australia.
Australia's population is concentrated along the coastal region of Australia from Adelaide to Cairns, with a small concentration around Perth, Western Australia. The centre of Australia is sparsely populated.
Climate
The majority of Australia experiences temperate weather for most of the year.
The northern states of Australia are typically warm all the time, with the southern states experiencing cool winters but rarely sub-zero temperatures.
Snow falls on the higher mountains during the winter months, enabling skiing in southern New South Wales and Victorian ski resorts, as well as the smaller resorts in Australia's island state, Tasmania.
Geography
Australia is an island continent and the world's oldest and sixth largest country (7,682,300 sq km).
Lying between the Indian and Pacific oceans, the country is approximately 4,000 km from east to west and 3,200 km from north to south, with a coastline 36,735 km long.
Canberra is Australia's capital city. With a population of approximately 320,000 and situated in the Australian Capital Territory, Canberra is roughly half way between the two largest cities Melbourne and Sydney.
Australia has 17 listed World Heritage properties. Australia is also famous for its landmark buildings including the Sydney Opera House, and the Sydney Harbour Bridge; its ancient geology, as well as for its high country.
History
Australia's first inhabitants, the Aboriginal people, are believed to have migrated from some unknown point in Asia to Australia between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago.
While Captain James Cook is credited with Australia's European discovery in 1770, a Portuguese possibly first sighted the country, while the Dutch are known to have explored the coastal regions in the 1640s.
The first European settlement of Australia was in January 1788, when the First Fleet sailed into Botany Bay under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip. Originally established as a penal colony, by the 1830s the number of free settlers was increasing. Transportation of convicts to the eastern colonies was abolished in 1852 and to the western colonies in 1868.
Legal system
Australia follows a Westminster system of government and law inherited from the British who originally colonised the country.
There are two main political parties and a number of minor parties, which make up the Commonwealth parliament. Each state and territory also has its own government.
Our Government
Australia's Federation
Australia became an independent nation on 1 January 1901. The British Parliament passed legislation allowing the six Australian colonies to govern in their own right as part of the Commonwealth of Australia.
The Commonwealth of Australia was established as a Constitutional Monarchy. "Constitutional" because the Commonwealth Government was established with a written constitution, and "Monarchy" because Australia's Head of State was Queen Victoria.
The Constitution, the Monarch and the Governor-General
The Australian Constitution is the most important document in Australian government history. It established the Commonwealth government, defined its structure, powers and procedures, and defined the rights and obligations of the states in relation to the Commonwealth.
The Constitution was brought into existence through a British Act of Parliament, the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act. This Act granted permission to the six Australian colonies, which were still then subject to British law, to form their own Commonwealth government in accordance with the Constitution. The text of the Constitution (which was clause 9 of the Act) was written by representatives of the six colonies during a series of conventions in the 1890s, and accepted by a referendum in each colony.
Under the Constitution, the reigning British monarch is also the Australian monarch, and therefore Australia's Head of State. The Constitution grants the monarch - currently Queen Elizabeth II - certain governing powers that place them above all other levels of the government. Because of the large distance between Australia and Britain, the monarch is permitted to appoint a Governor-General who can exercise the monarch's powers in their absence.
The Federal System
The birth of our nation is often referred to as 'federation'. This is because the Constitution created a 'federal' system of government.
Under a federal system, powers are divided between a central government and several regional governments. In Australia, power was divided between the Commonwealth Government and the governments of the six colonies, which were renamed 'states' by the Constitution.
Specific areas of legislative power ("heads of power") were given to the Commonwealth Government, including:
* taxation
* defence
* foreign affairs
* postal and telecommunications services
A complete list of Commonwealth heads of power is at section 51 of the Constitution. The Commonwealth also has power to make laws for Australia's territories (section 122).
The states retained legislative power over all other matters that occurred within their borders, including:
* Police
* Hospitals
* Education
* Public transport
The wording of the law has often created situations where both the Commonwealth and the states claim the authority to make laws over the same matter Commonwealth Government
The Commonwealth Government, known also as the Australian Government or the Federal Government, was established by the Australian Constitution. It is divided into three arms:
* legislature
* executive
* judiciary
Legislature
The legislature, also known simply as parliament, is made up of democratically-elected representatives from around Australia.
These representatives meet at Parliament House in Canberra to discuss legislation and make laws for the benefit of the nation. The issues that they can make laws on are defined by sections 51 and 122 of the Constitution.
The Commonwealth Parliament comprises two separate chambers:
* the House of Representatives (or 'the lower house')
* the Senate (or 'the upper house')
The House of Representatives has 150 members, each representing a different area of the country ('electorate'). Each electorate has roughly the same number of registered voters within its boundary, meaning that states with larger populations have more electorates and therefore more representatives in the House.
The Senate is composed of 76 members. Unlike the House of Representatives, membership of the Senate is divided evenly between the states. Each state has 12 senators, and the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory have 2 senators each. The Senate was established this way to ensure that the larger states could not use their majority in the House of Representatives to pass laws that disadvantaged the smaller states.
The Constitution is silent on the role of political parties in parliament. It does not make any reference to a government party, an opposition party or minor parties, or to roles like Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition. These are conventions that have been adopted to assist the smooth operation of the legislature.
Executive
The executive is the administrative arm of government, and is made up of government employees (the public service) working in a number of departments and agencies. The executive is empowered by the laws of Australia to put those laws into operation and uphold those laws once they have begun to operate.
A Minister is a member of the legislature who has been chosen to also work as part of the executive, usually with responsibility for matters on a specific topic (his portfolio). The Prime Minister also serves as Australia's Head of Government.
Ministers (including the Prime Minister) are not mentioned anywhere in the Constitution, but their roles are accepted as being important conventions that help to ensure an efficient executive.
Judiciary
The judiciary is the legal arm of the government.
Independent of the legislature and the executive, it is the role of the judiciary to enforce Australia's laws. It must also ensure that the other arms of Government do not act beyond the powers granted to them by the Constitution or by parliament. The High Court of Australia is, as its name suggests, Australia's highest court. Underneath the High Court are a number of other Federal Courts
State and Territory Government
The six states of Australia are:
* New South Wales (NSW)
* Queensland (Qld)
* South Australia (SA)
* Tasmania (Tas)
* Victoria (Vic)
* Western Australia (WA)
Each state has its own state Constitution, which divides the state's government into the same divisions of legislature, executive, and judiciary as the Commonwealth Government.
The six state parliaments are permitted to pass laws related to any matter that is not controlled by the Commonwealth under Section 51 of the Australian Constitution.
The monarch's powers over state matters are exercised by a Governor in each state. The head of each state government is known as the Premier.
Territory Government
There are ten Australian territories outside the borders of the states. Two mainland territories:
* The Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
* The Northern Territory (NT)
and one offshore territory, Norfolk Island, have been granted a limited right of self-government by the Commonwealth. In these territories, a range of governmental matters are now handled by a locally-elected parliament.
Outside of government, the ACT and the NT are often treated like states because of their significant population sizes.
Seven territories are governed only by Commonwealth law, usually through a Commonwealth-appointed Administrator. They are:
* Ashmore and Cartier Islands
* Australian Antarctic Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Coral Sea Islands
* Jervis Bay Territory
* Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Capital Cities
Canberra, located in the Australian Capital Territory, is Australia's national capital. The Parliament of Australia is located in Canberra, as is most of the Australian Government public service.
The other State and Territory capital cities are:
* Adelaide (South Australia)
* Brisbane (Queensland)
* Darwin (the Northern Territory)
* Hobart (Tasmania)
* Melbourne (Victoria)
* Perth (Western Australia)
* Sydney (New South Wales)
Conflict of Laws
If the laws of a state ever conflict with the laws of the Commonwealth, the Constitution says that Commonwealth law is to be followed.
The Commonwealth judiciary may also have the power to review decisions by a state judiciary.
Local Government (Councils)
The six states and the Northern Territory have established one further level of government.
Local governments (also known as local councils) handle community needs like:
* waste collection
* public recreation facilities
* town planning
The states and the Northern Territory each have many local governments within their borders. The state or territory government defines the powers of the local governments, and decides what geographical areas those governments are responsible for.
Each local government has the equivalent of a legislature and an executive only.
The naming conventions for local governments vary across Australia. They can be called cities, shires, towns, or municipalities, but they are still controlled by the state or territory government above them.
In the Australian Capital Territory, the responsibilities usually handled by local government are administered by a department of the territory government.
Thanks to AUSTRALIA.GOV.AU
Culture
Australian culture is as broad and varied as the country's landscape. Australia is multicultural and multiracial and this is reflected in the country's food, lifestyle and cultural practices and experience.
Australia has an important heritage from its indigenous people, which plays a defining role in the cultural landscape.
This diversity of influences creates a cultural environment in Australia that is lively, energised, innovative, and outward looking.
Population
As of July 2007, Australia's population is roughly 21.0 million people. The most populous states are New South Wales and Victoria, with their respective capitals, Sydney and Melbourne, the largest cities in Australia.
Australia's population is concentrated along the coastal region of Australia from Adelaide to Cairns, with a small concentration around Perth, Western Australia. The centre of Australia is sparsely populated.
Climate
The majority of Australia experiences temperate weather for most of the year.
The northern states of Australia are typically warm all the time, with the southern states experiencing cool winters but rarely sub-zero temperatures.
Snow falls on the higher mountains during the winter months, enabling skiing in southern New South Wales and Victorian ski resorts, as well as the smaller resorts in Australia's island state, Tasmania.
Geography
Australia is an island continent and the world's oldest and sixth largest country (7,682,300 sq km).
Lying between the Indian and Pacific oceans, the country is approximately 4,000 km from east to west and 3,200 km from north to south, with a coastline 36,735 km long.
Canberra is Australia's capital city. With a population of approximately 320,000 and situated in the Australian Capital Territory, Canberra is roughly half way between the two largest cities Melbourne and Sydney.
Australia has 17 listed World Heritage properties. Australia is also famous for its landmark buildings including the Sydney Opera House, and the Sydney Harbour Bridge; its ancient geology, as well as for its high country.
History
Australia's first inhabitants, the Aboriginal people, are believed to have migrated from some unknown point in Asia to Australia between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago.
While Captain James Cook is credited with Australia's European discovery in 1770, a Portuguese possibly first sighted the country, while the Dutch are known to have explored the coastal regions in the 1640s.
The first European settlement of Australia was in January 1788, when the First Fleet sailed into Botany Bay under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip. Originally established as a penal colony, by the 1830s the number of free settlers was increasing. Transportation of convicts to the eastern colonies was abolished in 1852 and to the western colonies in 1868.
Legal system
Australia follows a Westminster system of government and law inherited from the British who originally colonised the country.
There are two main political parties and a number of minor parties, which make up the Commonwealth parliament. Each state and territory also has its own government.
Our Government
Australia's Federation
Australia became an independent nation on 1 January 1901. The British Parliament passed legislation allowing the six Australian colonies to govern in their own right as part of the Commonwealth of Australia.
The Commonwealth of Australia was established as a Constitutional Monarchy. "Constitutional" because the Commonwealth Government was established with a written constitution, and "Monarchy" because Australia's Head of State was Queen Victoria.
The Constitution, the Monarch and the Governor-General
The Australian Constitution is the most important document in Australian government history. It established the Commonwealth government, defined its structure, powers and procedures, and defined the rights and obligations of the states in relation to the Commonwealth.
The Constitution was brought into existence through a British Act of Parliament, the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act. This Act granted permission to the six Australian colonies, which were still then subject to British law, to form their own Commonwealth government in accordance with the Constitution. The text of the Constitution (which was clause 9 of the Act) was written by representatives of the six colonies during a series of conventions in the 1890s, and accepted by a referendum in each colony.
Under the Constitution, the reigning British monarch is also the Australian monarch, and therefore Australia's Head of State. The Constitution grants the monarch - currently Queen Elizabeth II - certain governing powers that place them above all other levels of the government. Because of the large distance between Australia and Britain, the monarch is permitted to appoint a Governor-General who can exercise the monarch's powers in their absence.
The Federal System
The birth of our nation is often referred to as 'federation'. This is because the Constitution created a 'federal' system of government.
Under a federal system, powers are divided between a central government and several regional governments. In Australia, power was divided between the Commonwealth Government and the governments of the six colonies, which were renamed 'states' by the Constitution.
Specific areas of legislative power ("heads of power") were given to the Commonwealth Government, including:
* taxation
* defence
* foreign affairs
* postal and telecommunications services
A complete list of Commonwealth heads of power is at section 51 of the Constitution. The Commonwealth also has power to make laws for Australia's territories (section 122).
The states retained legislative power over all other matters that occurred within their borders, including:
* Police
* Hospitals
* Education
* Public transport
The wording of the law has often created situations where both the Commonwealth and the states claim the authority to make laws over the same matter Commonwealth Government
The Commonwealth Government, known also as the Australian Government or the Federal Government, was established by the Australian Constitution. It is divided into three arms:
* legislature
* executive
* judiciary
Legislature
The legislature, also known simply as parliament, is made up of democratically-elected representatives from around Australia.
These representatives meet at Parliament House in Canberra to discuss legislation and make laws for the benefit of the nation. The issues that they can make laws on are defined by sections 51 and 122 of the Constitution.
The Commonwealth Parliament comprises two separate chambers:
* the House of Representatives (or 'the lower house')
* the Senate (or 'the upper house')
The House of Representatives has 150 members, each representing a different area of the country ('electorate'). Each electorate has roughly the same number of registered voters within its boundary, meaning that states with larger populations have more electorates and therefore more representatives in the House.
The Senate is composed of 76 members. Unlike the House of Representatives, membership of the Senate is divided evenly between the states. Each state has 12 senators, and the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory have 2 senators each. The Senate was established this way to ensure that the larger states could not use their majority in the House of Representatives to pass laws that disadvantaged the smaller states.
The Constitution is silent on the role of political parties in parliament. It does not make any reference to a government party, an opposition party or minor parties, or to roles like Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition. These are conventions that have been adopted to assist the smooth operation of the legislature.
Executive
The executive is the administrative arm of government, and is made up of government employees (the public service) working in a number of departments and agencies. The executive is empowered by the laws of Australia to put those laws into operation and uphold those laws once they have begun to operate.
A Minister is a member of the legislature who has been chosen to also work as part of the executive, usually with responsibility for matters on a specific topic (his portfolio). The Prime Minister also serves as Australia's Head of Government.
Ministers (including the Prime Minister) are not mentioned anywhere in the Constitution, but their roles are accepted as being important conventions that help to ensure an efficient executive.
Judiciary
The judiciary is the legal arm of the government.
Independent of the legislature and the executive, it is the role of the judiciary to enforce Australia's laws. It must also ensure that the other arms of Government do not act beyond the powers granted to them by the Constitution or by parliament. The High Court of Australia is, as its name suggests, Australia's highest court. Underneath the High Court are a number of other Federal Courts
State and Territory Government
The six states of Australia are:
* New South Wales (NSW)
* Queensland (Qld)
* South Australia (SA)
* Tasmania (Tas)
* Victoria (Vic)
* Western Australia (WA)
Each state has its own state Constitution, which divides the state's government into the same divisions of legislature, executive, and judiciary as the Commonwealth Government.
The six state parliaments are permitted to pass laws related to any matter that is not controlled by the Commonwealth under Section 51 of the Australian Constitution.
The monarch's powers over state matters are exercised by a Governor in each state. The head of each state government is known as the Premier.
Territory Government
There are ten Australian territories outside the borders of the states. Two mainland territories:
* The Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
* The Northern Territory (NT)
and one offshore territory, Norfolk Island, have been granted a limited right of self-government by the Commonwealth. In these territories, a range of governmental matters are now handled by a locally-elected parliament.
Outside of government, the ACT and the NT are often treated like states because of their significant population sizes.
Seven territories are governed only by Commonwealth law, usually through a Commonwealth-appointed Administrator. They are:
* Ashmore and Cartier Islands
* Australian Antarctic Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Coral Sea Islands
* Jervis Bay Territory
* Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Capital Cities
Canberra, located in the Australian Capital Territory, is Australia's national capital. The Parliament of Australia is located in Canberra, as is most of the Australian Government public service.
The other State and Territory capital cities are:
* Adelaide (South Australia)
* Brisbane (Queensland)
* Darwin (the Northern Territory)
* Hobart (Tasmania)
* Melbourne (Victoria)
* Perth (Western Australia)
* Sydney (New South Wales)
Conflict of Laws
If the laws of a state ever conflict with the laws of the Commonwealth, the Constitution says that Commonwealth law is to be followed.
The Commonwealth judiciary may also have the power to review decisions by a state judiciary.
Local Government (Councils)
The six states and the Northern Territory have established one further level of government.
Local governments (also known as local councils) handle community needs like:
* waste collection
* public recreation facilities
* town planning
The states and the Northern Territory each have many local governments within their borders. The state or territory government defines the powers of the local governments, and decides what geographical areas those governments are responsible for.
Each local government has the equivalent of a legislature and an executive only.
The naming conventions for local governments vary across Australia. They can be called cities, shires, towns, or municipalities, but they are still controlled by the state or territory government above them.
In the Australian Capital Territory, the responsibilities usually handled by local government are administered by a department of the territory government.
Thanks to AUSTRALIA.GOV.AU
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